Maps 1945

(Western Direction)

UpdatedSeptember 15, 2009
backhomedown

Typical Soviet Abbreviations

Some typical coding of Soviet military maps and battle schemes

Abbreviations of units

up2nd Byelorussian Front
# Title Area Unit subordination Date Lang. Source
upPoland
2B4501 Decision of the 90th Rifle Division commander for breakthrough Ciechanów area

108 RC/2SA/

2BF

 ~Jan 13 Rus 16
2B4502 Battle order of the 90th Rifle Division Ciechanów area

108 RC/2SA/

2BF

 ~Jan 13 Rus 16
2B4503 Decision of the 44th Guards Rifle Division commander on offensive from the Narew bridgehead Nasielsk area 105 RC/65A/ 2BF ~Jan 13 Rus 16
2B4504 Decision of the 413th Rifle Division commander on offensive from the Narew bridgehead Domoslaw area 46 RC/65A/ 2BF ~Jan 13 Rus 16
2B4505 Battle order, missions and course of operations of the 176th Rifle Regiment from the Narew bridgehead ~11 km NW from Pultusk 46 RD/108RC/ 2SA/2BF Jan. 14-15 Rus 2
2B4506 Breaking the German defense and parrying a counter-attack by the troops of the 46th Rifle Division Pultusk area 180 RC/2SA/2BF Jan. 14-15 Rus 20
2B4507 Course of operations of the 90th Rifle Division Ciechanów area

108 RC/2SA/

2BF

 Jan 14-16 Rus 16
2B4508 Offensive of the 44th Guards Rifle Division from the Narew bridgehead. Vistula-Oder Operation Nasielsk area 105 RC/65A/ 2BF Jan. 14-16 Rus 6
2B4509 Offensive of the 44th Guards Rifle Division from the Narew bridgehead. Vistula-Oder Operation Nasielsk area 105 RC/65A/ 2BF Jan. 14-16 Rus 16
2B4510 Course of operations of the 413th Rifle Division from the Narew bridgehead Domoslaw area 46 RC/65A/ 2BF Jan. 14-16 Rus 16
2B4511 Combat operations of the 44th Guards Rifle Division Wkra river 105 RC/65A/ 2BF Jan. 16-18 Rus 6
2B4512 Immediate breakthroug of the transient defensive line by units of the 44th Guards Rifle Division. Vistula-Oder operation Wkra river 105 RC/65A/ 2BF Jan. 17-18 Rus 6
2B4513 Immediate break-through of German defense by the 128th Gds. Rifle Regiment Wkra river 44 GRD/105RC/ 65A/2BF Jan. 17-18 Rus 2
2B4514 Crossing the Vistula river by the 65th Army Graudentz area 65 A/2 BF Jan. 26-Feb.9 Rus 21
2B4515 Decision of the 381st Rifle Division commander and course of operations Elbing (Elblag) area

381 RD/98RC/

2SA/2BF

 Feb. 3-10 Rus 16
2B4516 Breaking of the 46th Rifle Division through German defenses towards Danzig Praust - Danzig 108 RC/2SA/2BF Mar. 22 Rus 20
2B4517 Redeployment mission of the 70th Army from Danzig to Stettin and route of its 47th Rifle Corps Danzig*1- Stettin*2 2 BF Mar.31-Apr. 2 Rus 13
2B4518 Decision of the 47th Rifle Corps commander on march and its performing Danzig*1- Stettin*2 70 A/2BF Apr. 5-9 Rus 13
2B4519 March order (on foot) of the 47th Rifle Corps Danzig*1- Stettin*2 70 A/2BF Apr. 5-9 Rus 13
2B4520 March order (by autotransport) of the 47th Rifle Corps Danzig*1- Stettin*2 70 A/2BF Apr. 5-9 Rus 13
See also:
3B45xx Course of the Eastern Prussian operation Eastern Prussia 1PF; 2BF; 3BF Jan. 13 -Apr. 25 Rus 18

upBerlin operation
2B4521 Decision of commander of the 2nd Byelorussian Front on the Berlin operation Stettin (Szczecin) area 2 BF - Rus 9
2B4522 Positions and missions of the 108th Rifle Division prior to operation Stettin (Szczecin) area

46 RC/65A/

2 BF

 ~Apr. 13 Rus 16
2B4523 Operations of the 108th Rifle Division between Ost- and West-Oder Stettin (Szczecin) area

46 RC/65A/

2 BF

 Apr. 14-19 Rus 16
2B4524 Crossing of the Oder river by the 65th Army Stettin (Szczecin) area 65 A/2 BF Apr. 14-24 Rus 21
2B4525 Crossing of the West-Oder by the 108th Rifle Division and fight on its left riverside Stettin (Szczecin) area

46 RC/65A/

2 BF

 Apr. 20-21 Rus 16
2B4526 Fights of the 108th Rifle Division Stettin (Szczecin) area

46 RC/65A/

2 BF

 Apr. 22-25 Rus 16
2B4527 Summary operations of the 2nd Byelorussian Front Stettin (Szczecin) area 2 BF Apr 20-25 Rus 9
2B4528 Summary operations of the 2nd Byelorussian Front Stettin (Szczecin) - Rostok area 2BF Apr 26-May 5 Rus 9

*1 - Polish name - Gdansk

*2 - Polish name - Szczecin

 

up1st Byelorussian Front
# Title Area Unit subordination Date Lang. Source
upPoland
1B4501 Battle order of assault battalions of the 29th Guards Rifle Corps in Vistula-Oder operation Magnuszew area 8 GA/1BF Jan. 13 Rus 5
1B4502 Decision of the 60th Guards Rifle Division commander for the break-through of enamy's defensive positions on the Magnuszew bridgehead Magnuszew area 32 RC/5SA/1BF Jan. 14 Rus 8
1B4503 Battle order of the 32nd Rifle Corps Magnuszew area 32 RC/5SA/1BF Jan. 14 Rus 17
1B4504 The 74th Guards Rifle Regiment Regiment of the second echelon engagement in the battle Magnuszew area

27 GRD/29 GRC/8GA/

1BF

Jan. 14 Rus 6
1B4505 Operations of the 1st Battalion/215th Guards Rifle RegimentNEW Puławy area

215GRR/77GRD/

25RC/69A/1BF

 Jan. 14 Rus 24
1B4506 Engagement of the second echelon of the 27th Guards Rifle Division through the zone of a neighbour unit on the Magnuszew bridgehead Magnuszew area

29 GRC/8GA/

1BF

Jan. 14-15 Rus 8
1B4507 Operations of the 27th Guards Rifle Division Magnuszew area

29 GRC/8GA/

1BF

Jan. 14-15 Rus 16
1B4508 Course of operations of the 32nd Rifle Corps Magnuszew area 32 RC/5SA/1BF Jan. 15-16 Rus 17
1B4509 Engagement of the second echelon of the 65th Tank Brigade into fights. Vistula-Oder operation Radomka river

11 TC/69A/

1BF

 Jan. 16 Rus 2
1B4510 Combat operations of the 11th Tank Corps in the course of Vistula-Oder operation Radomka river 69 A/1BF Jan. 16-17 Rus 6
1B4511 Positions of the 29th Guards Rifle Corps prior to the Poznan assault Poznan 29GRC/8GA/1BF ~Jan. 24-Feb 16 Rus 19
1B4512 Battle order of the 11th Tank Corps while entering in the breakthrough. Vistula-Oder operation Radomka river 69 A/1BF Jan Rus 6
1B4513 Battle order of the 47th Gds. Tank Brigade for the breakthrough. Vistula-Oder operation -

9 GTC/2GTA/

1BF

 Jan Rus 2
1B4514 Battle order of the 125th Rifle Corps. Vistula-Oder operation - 47 A/1BF Jan Rus 5
1B4515 Artillery positions of the 29th Guards Corps & 91st Rifle Corps in the course of Poznan assault Poznan

29 GRC/8GA/1BF

91 RC/69A/1BF

Feb. 17 Rus 15
1B4516 Assault of the 4-floor meat-packing plant in Poznan Poznan

240 GRR/74GRD

29GRC/8GA/1BF

 ~Feb. 17? Rus 15
1B4517 The Poznan citadel assault Poznan 29 GRC/8GA/1BF Feb. 18 Rus 18
1B4518 19th Separate Flame Thrower Battalion in the fights for Poznan (Pozen) Poznan

1 Bn/226 GRR/74GRD/

29GRC/8GA/1BF zone

Feb. 18-19 Rus 1

upGermany
1B4519 Combat operations of the 2nd Motorised Rifle Battalion in the vanguard of the 19th Mechanised Brigade. Vistula-Oder operation Notec (Netze) river

1 MC/2GTA/

1BF

 Jan. 23 Rus 2
1B4520 Combat operations of the 5th Shock Army and 8th Gds. Army Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 1BF Jan. 31 - Feb 7 Rus 10
1B4521 Fights for Oder bridgehead Kinitz - Lychen area 5 SA/1BF Feb. 1-2 Rus 18
1B4522 Combat operations of the 5th Shock Army and 8th Gds. Army Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 1BF Feb 8-14 Rus 10
1B4523 Defensive fight of the 3/469th Rifle Regiment against one of groups of German troops trying to escape from Schneidemühl pocketNEW

Radowintz

Schneidemühl (now Piła) area

469RR/150RD/

79RC/3SA/1BF

 Feb. 15 Rus 24
1B4524 Positions of Soviet troops by the end of Feb. 15 and Feb. 16NEW Flatow area

79RC/3SA/1BF

 Feb. 15-16 Rus 24
1B4525 Combat operations of the 5th Shock Army and 8th Gds. Army Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 1BF March Rus 10
1B4526 Fights of the 32nd Rifle Corps and 4th Gds. Rfl. Corps for Neustadt and Kitz Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area

32 RC/5SA/1BF

4 GRC/8GA/1BF

 Mar. 6-12 Rus 10
1B4527 Positions and breakthrough missions of the 295th Rifle Division Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 32 RC/5SA/1BF Mar. 21 Rus 16
1B4528 Bridgehead operations of the 5th Shock Army and 8th Gds. Army Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 1 BF Mar. 22-23 Rus 10
1B4529 Operations of the 295th Rifle Division Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 32 RC/5SA/1BF Mar. 22-23 Rus 16
1B4530 Forced crossing of the Oder river by the 52nd Guards Rifle Division Oder river

52 GRD/12GRC/

3SA/1BF

 Mar. 27 Rus 23
1B4531 Forced crossing of the Oder river by the 1/155th Guards Rifle Regiment NEW Oder river

155 GRR/52GRD/

12GRC/3SA/1BF

 Mar. 27 Rus 24
1B4532 Defensive fights of the 295th Rifle Division Küstrin (Kostrzyn) area 32 RC/5SA/1BF Mar. 25-29 Rus 16

upBerlin operation
1B4533 Decision of commanders of the 1st Byelorussian and the 1st Ukrainian fronts on the Berlin operation Berlin area 1 BF, 1 UF - Rus 9
1B4534 Artillery movements of the 1st Byelorussian Front prior to the Berlin operation Berlin area 1BF ~Mar.-Apr Rus 18
1B4535 Artillery fire of the 8th Guards Army Seelow area 8 GA/1BF ~Apr Rus 18
1B4536 Summary operations of the 1st Byelorussian Front Berlin area 1 BF Apr 15-21 Rus 9
1B4537 Developing of coordination in attack operation of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps. Berlin operation. Seelow area 8 GA/1BF Apr. 16 Rus 5
1B4538 Fights of the 155th Guards Rifle Regiment for strongpoint Predikov Prötzel area

155 GRR/52GRD/12GRC

/3SA/1BF

 Apr. 19 Rus 23
1B4539 Maneuver of the 1st Byelorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts for surrounding and breakdown of the Berlin group of German troops Berlin area 1 BF, 1 UF April 19-25 Rus 9
1B4540 Fight of the 1st Mechainsed Corps in Weissensee area Berlin suburbs 2 GTA/1BF Apr. 21 Rus 9
1B4541 Fights against "Frankfurt-Guben group" (9th A, 4th TA) SE from Berlin 1 BF Apr. 25-28 Rus 9
1B4542 Operations of the 153rd Gds. Rifle Regiment in Berlin Berlin 52 GRD/38RC/ 3SA/1BF Apr 25- May 1 Rus 4
1B4543 Summary operations of the 1st Byelorussian and 1st Ukrainian Fronts inside Berlin *1 Berlin 1BF, 1UF Apr. 26 - May 2 Rus 9
1B4544 Fights against "Frankfurt-Guben group" (9th A, 4th Pz. A) S from Berlin 1 BF Apr. 29-May 2 Rus 9
1B4545 Street fights of the 756th Rifle Regiment in Berlin Reichstag area 150 RD/79RC/ 3SA/1BF Apr 29 - May 2 Rus 2
1B4546 Operations of the 756th Rifle Regiment while crossing the river Spree and storming the Reichstag Reichstag area 150 RD/79RC/ 3SA/1BF Apr 29 - May 2 Eng 3
1B4547 Assault of Reichstag Reichstag area 150 RD/79RC/ 3SA/1BF Apr. 30 Rus 9

*1 - Specification: (Sorry for incorrect transliteration into German. I'll be grateful if anybody help to verify them)

  1. Neuie-Fridrich Straße;
  2. Alexanderstraße;
  3. Lode-Intzel island;
  4. Nansenstraße;
  5. Hermann station;
  6. Tauroggenerstraße;
  7. Putlitzstraße station;
  8. Krefelderstraße;
  9. Wallstraße;(?)
  10. Seidelstraße;
  11. Alte-Jakobstraße;
  12. Belle-Alliance platz;
  13. Sarlandstraße;
  14. Großbeerenstraße;
  15. Lüdendorfstraße;
  16. Hanauerstraße;
  17. Völlerstraße;
  18. Wilhelmsdorf station;
  19. Schmargendorf station;
  20. Halensee station;
  21. Westkroitz station;
  22. Scheneberg station;
  23. Großgerschenstraße;
  24. Kaiser damm;
  25. Bismarkstraße;
  26. Wagnerstraße;
  27. Prentzlauer-allee station;
  28. Fridrichstraße
  29. Reichstagsgebäude (Reichstag);
  30. Anhalt Bahnhofsgebäude (Railway station);
  31. Flotte-vel straße;
  32. Aquarium;
  33. Race track;
  34. Gohenzollern damm station;
  35. Augusta Wiktor platz;
  36. Wittenberg platz;
  37. Hochenschtaufenstraße;
  38. Motzstraße;
  39. The bridge across Spree river on Königstraße;
  1. Zimmerstraße;
  2. Park north to Anhalt railway station building (Gestapo building);
  3. Keitstraße;
  4. Martin Lüther straße;
  5. Kleiststraße;
  6. Pichelsberg;
  7. Zelten allee;
  8. Zellerstraße;
  9. Eksertzir platz;
  10. Stettin railway station;
  11. Lerter railway station;
  12. Berse station;
  13. Potsdam railway station;
  14. Zoo;
  15. Kurfürsten damm;
  16. Litzenburgerstraße;
  17. Lüdwig platz;
  18. Proissen park;
  19. Tiergarten;
  20. Tiergartenstraße;
  21. Landwehr-kanal;
  22. Bülowstraße;
  23. Dennewitzstraße;
  24. Flughafenstraße;
  25. Kolumbienstraße;
  26. Scharlottenburger highway;
  27. Hleditsch highway;
  28. Heinrichen V Park;
  29. Wiktorienstraße;
  30. Lützov platz;
  31. Tempelchof station;
  32. Wiktor-Luise platz;
  33. Sawignui station;
  34. Bendlerstraße;
  35. Reichs-Kanzlei;
  36. Central Telegraph station;
  37. Berlinerstraße;
  38. Badstraße.

 

up1st Ukrainian Front
# Title Area Unit subordination Date Lang. Source
upPoland
1U4501 Course of operations of the 1st Battalion/50th Guards Rifle Regiment NEW Sandomir area

50GRR/15GRD/

34 GRC/5GA/ 1UF

 Jan. 12 Rus 24
1U4502 Course of operations of the 2nd Battalion/36th Guards Rifle RegimentNEW Sandomir area

36GRR/14GRD/

33GRC/5GA/1UF

 Jan. 12 Rus 24
1U4503 Operations of the 9th Guards Airborne Division from Sandomir bridgehead Sandomir area 33 GRC/5GA/ 1UF Jan. 12-15 Rus 7
1U4504 Course of the Jaslo-Gorlitskaya operation W from Jaslo area. Poland 1 UF Jan.14-Feb. 12 Rus 12
1U4505 Operations of the 9th Guards Airborne Division Czestochowa area 33 GRC/5GA/ 1UF Jan 16-19 Rus 7
1U4506 Combats of the 9th Guards Airborne Division on approaches to Oder (Odra) river Brzeg (Brieg) area 33 GRC/5GA/ 1UF Jan 21-29 Rus 7
1U4507 Operations of the 5th Gds. Mechanised Corps in the Upper Silesia Upper Silesia 4GTA/1UF Mar. 10- Apr. 2 Rus 11
1U4508 Combat operations of the 9th Guards Airborne Division Lower Silesia 33 GRC/5GA/ 1UF Feb 11-Apr 6 Rus 7
upGermany
1U4509 Combat operations of the 25th Separate Flame thrower Battalion in fights for the town of Breslau Breslau (Wroclaw) 309 RD/22RC/6A/ 1UF zone Apr. 24-25 Rus 1
upBerlin operation

See also 1st Byelorussian Front

1U4510 Summary operations of the 9th Guards Airborne Division Neisse river 33 GRC/5GA/ 1UF Apr. 15-May 6 Rus 7
1U4511 Deployment of the 3rd Guards Tank Army prior to the Berlin operation S from Berlin 1 UF ~Apr. 16 Rus 14
1U4512 Battle order of the 32nd Guards Rifle Corps Spremberg area 5 GA/1UF ~Apr. 16 Rus 17
1U4513 Decision of the 32nd Guards Rifle Corps commander Spremberg area 5 GA/1UF ~Apr. 16 Rus 17
1U4514 Rout of counter-attacking enemy by the 50th Rifle Division in cooperation with the second echelon of the rifle corps Neisse river

73 RC/52A/

1UF

 Apr.16 Rus 6
1U4515 Breaking through the German defensive line Neisse river 1 UF Apr.16 Rus 14
1U4516

Operations of the 2/290th Guards Rifle Regiment.

a) Fights for Tschernitz & Weinberg

b) Positions by morning Apr. 16NEW

 Tschernitz - Groß Särchen

290 GRR/95GRD/

32GRC/5GA/1UF

 Apr.16-17 Rus 24
1U4517 Course of operations of the 32nd Guards Rifle Corps Spremberg area 5 GA/1UF Apr. 16-18 Rus 17
1U4518 Summary operations of the 1st Ukrainian Front for breaking through the Neisse river defensive line Neisse river 1 UF Apr 16-18 Rus 9
1U4519 Operations of the 5th Gds. Mechanised Corps in the course of the Berlin operation Steglitz area 4 GTA/1UF Apr. 16 - May 5 Rus 11
1U4520 Meeting engagement of the 54th Guards Tank Brigade and the 21st Panzer Division. Trebendorf area 7 GTC/3GTA/ 1UF Apr. 17 Rus 2
1U4521 Moving of the 3rd Guards Tank Army towards Berlin Berlin area 1 UF Apr. 18-28 Rus 14
1U4522 Operation of the 6th Guards Tank Corps for capturing Barut Baruth area 3 GTA/1UF Apr. 20 Rus 9
1U4523 Operations of the 7th Guards Mechcorps Bautzen area 7th GMC Apr. 22-30 Rus 15
1U4524 Operations of the 3rd Gds. Tank Army against surrounded German troops Berlin 1 UF Apr.26-May 2 Rus 14
upCzechoslovakia
1U4525 Course of operations of the 5th Gds. Mechanised Corps from Drezden to Prague Dresden-Prague (Praha) 4 GTA/1UF May 6-12 Rus 11

upAbbreviations

A - Army

Bn - Battalion

BF - Byelorussian Front

GA- Guards Army

GMC - Guards Mechanised Corps

GRC -Guards Rifle Corps

GRD - Guards Rifle Divisison

GRR - Guards Rifle Regiment

GTA - Guards Tank Army

GTC - Guards Tank Corps

MC - Mechanised Corps

RC - Rifle Corps

RD - Rifle Division

SA -Shock Army

TC - Tank Corps

UF - Ukrainian Front

upLiterature:
  1. www.himvoiska.narod.ru
  2. "Taktika v boevykh primerakh. Polk", Voyennoe izdatelstvo Ministerstva Oborony SSSR, Moscow, 1974. (cited from docs.vif2.ru)
  3. Soviet Military Review, 1969, No. 6 (?)
  4. Voyenno-Istoricheskiy Zhurnal, 1982, No. 5
  5. Razvitie taktiki Sovetskoi armii v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (1941-1945 gg.)/Ed. Lt.-Gen. K.S. Kolganov, Voyennoe Izdatelstvo Ministerstva Oborony Soyuza SSR, Moscow, 1958 (cited from docs.vif2.ru)
  6. "Taktika v boevykh primerakh. Divizia", Voyennoe izdatelstvo Ministerstva Oborony SSSR, Moscow, 1976. (cited from docs.vif2.ru)
  7. I.A. Samchuk, P.G. Skachko, "Atakuyut Desantniki", Moscow, VI MO SSSR, 1975
  8. "Sbornik boyevykh primerov iz opyta Velikoy Otechestvennoi Voiny". Voyennoye Izdatelstvo Ministerstva Oborony SSSR, 1982.
  9. F. D. Vorobjev, I.V. Parot'kina, A.N. Shimanskiy. "Posleniy shturm. Berlinskaya Operatsiya 1945 god.", "Voyennoye Izdatelstvo Ministerstva Oborony SSSR", Moscow, 1970
  10. Sbornik Voyenno-Istoricheskikh materialov Velikoj Otechestvennoj Vojny. Vypusk 6. Glavnoye Voyenno-Nauchnoye upravleniye General'nogo Shtaba Sovetskoy Armii. Voyenno-Istoricheskoye Upravleniye. Moscow, Voyenizdat MVS SSSR, 1952 (cited from docs.vif2.ru)
  11. A.P. Ryazanskiy, "V Ogne Tankovykh Srazheniy", Moscow, "Nauka", 1975
  12. Moskalenko K.S., "Na Yugo-Zapadnom Napravlenii", vol. 2, Moscow, Nauka, 1969 (cited from militera.lib.ru)
  13. Sbornik Voyenno-Istoricheskikh materialov Velikoy Otechestvennoy vojny, No. 7, Moscow, Voyenizdat, 1952 (cited from militera.lib.ru). Rem. AMVAS: Draw attention to the table of typos put into the lower right corner of some battle schemes from this source. The 2nd column stays for written text, the 3rd column - for the corrected.
  14. Deistviya 3-j Gvardeyskoy Tankovoy Armii pod Berlinom. (Rem. AMVAS: E-document. Maybe author D. Shein. The map likely is from the TsAMO archive)
  15. Dejstvija artillerijskikh chastej i podrazdelenij v Velikoy Otechestvennoy vojne. Issue 13. Artillerijskiye chasti i podrazdeleniya v boyakh za krupnyje naselyonnyje punkty, Moscow, Voyenizdat, 1958 (cited from militera.lib.ru)
  16. Boyevyje Dejstvija Strelkovoy Divizii. Sbornik takticheskikh primerov iz Velikoy Otechestvennoy vojny. Moscow, Voyenizdat, 1958 (cited from militera.lib.ru)
  17. Proryv podgotovlennoy oborony strelkovymi soyedinaniyami, Moscow, Voyenizdat, 1957 (cited from militera.lib.ru)
  18. Sovetskaja Artilleryija v Velikoy Otechestvennoy vojne 1941-1945 godov, Moscow, Voyennoye Izdatel'stvo Ministerstva Oborony SSSR, 1960

  19. Khetagurov G.I., Ispolneniye dolga, Moscow, Voyenizdat, 1977

  20. Borshchev S.N., "Ot Nevy do Elby", 2nd Ed., Lenizdat, Leningrad, 1973
  21. Batov P.I., "Forsirovaniye Rek, 1942-1945. (Iz opyta 65-j armii), Moskva, Voyenizdat, 1986 (cited from militera.lib.ru)
  22. Unknown source. Received from my German friend. Later hope to find more exact information, if I have this scheme in my collection

  23. Taktika v boyevykh primerakh. Batalion, Moskva, Voyenizdat, 1974 (cited from docs.vif2.ru).

  24. Boyevyje dejstviya strelkovogo bataljona, Moskva, Vojenizdat, 1957 (cited from militera.lib.ru)
backhomeup