Operation Phantom Fury – Beginning of the End of al Qaeda in Iraq

Fallujah, November 7, 2004
Operation Phantom Fury
The Beginning of the End of al Qaeda in Iraq

At sunset on Sunday, November 7, 2004, the soldiers, sailors and Marines of Task Force Wolfpack raced north in their Light Armored Vehicles, tanks and trucks to secure the "Shark’s Fin," a large peninsula west of the insurgent stronghold in the ancient Iraqi blue-collar city of Fallujah. Two bridges spanned the Euphrates River, connecting the Shark’s Fin with downtown. An angry mob had strung up the bodies of two Blackwater contractors on the older footbridge in spring of 2004. It is hard to believe that it has been five years since the beginning of the largest, and most important, battle of Operation Iraqi Freedom. As the Wolfpack was moving to secure the Fallujah Hospital and the western approach to the Euphrates River bridges, a massive military force was assembling, north of the city. The Wolfpack’s attack was a battalion-sized diversion.

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Two Army mechanized task forces and four reinforced Marine infantry battalions were preparing to inundate the enemy, all along the northern edge of the city. The actual attack would come twenty-fours later, at sunset on November 8, 2004, as two Marine regiments swept into the city. Lieutenant Colonel Jim Rainey’s 2-7 Cavalry led Colonel Mike Shupp’s Regimental Combat Team (RCT-1) into the northwestern Byzantine neighborhoods. To the east, Lieutenant Colonel Peter Newell’s 2-2 Infantry attacked south on the eastern edge of the city alongside Colonel Craig Tucker’s RCT-7 Marines.

Attack on Fallujah. USMC PowerPoint debrief

The enemy had been preparing for the inevitable assault for months. They had built barricades, set IEDs and dug in deep. Most of the four-thousand jihadists were there to fight and die. Task Force Blue Diamond, the 1^st Marine Division, led with their tanks. The 70-ton armored vehicles were unstoppable. They mowed down fanatic fighters in the streets and blew through barricades as enemy RPGs bounced off their thick skins, leaving little more than black scorch marks. Four battalions of Marine infantry swarmed into the city behind the armored juggernaut. The insurgents tried to stand and fight. It ended badly for those that thought they could defeat American tanks and Bradleys.

Sergeant Matthew Smith led RCT-1′s attack through the breach with a tank-mounted plow. Staff Sergeant Anibal Reyes followed Smith with a roller attached to the front of his tank. They plowed through a minefield and slammed through barricades at the edge of the city.

Once inside the city, the enemy unleashed everything they had. They thought they could take on the tanks and win. The tankers responded with coax machine gun fire, spewing streams of steel. The tank’s main guns were belching fireballs the size of a house, momentarily lighting the street like it was daytime and shaking the ground as their supersonic projectiles shattered buildings and killed any insurgent in their path.

Smith and Reyes were ordered to push forward to make room for the rest of Jim Rainey’s tanks. Slowly, the two tanks ground forward into the maelstrom. Smith and Reyes waited nervously at the first major intersection for the battalion’s tanks and Bradleys to fill in behind them. Swarms of insurgents tried to maneuver around in back of the tanks, only to find more tanks and Bradleys pushing into the city through the gap in the barricade. There seemed to be no end to the armored assault.

Rainey’s Bradleys followed his tanks through the breach and fanned out to the west. Any enemy fighters remaining at the barricades at the edge of the city must have been scared silly as they watched an entire mechanized battalion roll through their flimsy barricade – tank after tank, Bradley after Bradley. The Americans just kept pouring into the city. Some insurgents were foolish enough to stand and fight. Their bullets plinked harmlessly against the armor plate like rain on a tin roof.

Planning the attack USMC Photo

Four battalions of Marine infantry swarmed into the city behind the tanks and Bradleys. If the enemy waited for the Marines to approach, or if they fired on the Marines when they came into view, artillery and mortars would be quick to respond – usually bringing the building crashing down around them. American snipers silently brought instant death. If the enemy remained inside and waited for the Marines and soldiers to get closer, they learned quickly what it was like in Hell. Sixty-millimeter mortar shells would rain down. M1 tanks would fire at point blank range. Fifty-caliber and 7.62mm-machine guns would spray their position. They would be pounded with 40mm grenades, AT4 rockets and Javelin missiles. If they waited until the Marines were on their doorstep, the Marines would swarm their position and not back off until everyone in the house was dead. Their only chance was to surrender or hunker down, hoping the Marines would pass them by.

It took the soldiers and Marines nearly a week to reach the southern edge of the city. The 1^st Cavalry Division’s Blackjack Brigade, along with the Marines’ 2^nd Reconnaissance Battalion had cordoned the city in the south. Both Marine regiments relentlessly hammered the enemy in the north onto Colonel Mike Formica’s Blackjack Brigade anvil in the south. The enemy was hit hard in that first week, but they were not defeated. Many had gone to ground. The most fanatic fighters barricaded themselves in fortified houses throughout the city.

On the Point of the Spear. Photo courtesy Major Rob Bodisch, USMC

The Marines needed seven weeks to completely clear Fallujah, with several deadly firefights in late December. Two Marines were nominated for the Congressional Medal of Honor for their heroic actions. Both of the Marines’ awards were downgraded to Navy Crosses. In all, there were seven Navy Crosses awarded, twenty-two Silver Stars and more Bronze Stars with Vs for valor than I have been able to count. Eighty-five soldiers, sailors and Marines were killed in the fight and hundreds were wounded.

Tanks in Fallujah. Photo courtesy Major Rob Bodisch, USMC

Operation Phantom Fury, the second battle for Fallujah, was the largest fight of the war and the heaviest American urban combat since Hue City during the Vietnam War. There was never any doubt as to the outcome. By Christmas our forces had cleared every room in every building, completely eliminating the insurgent threat inside Fallujah. The fledgling Iraqi Army contributed to the fight to free Fallujah by clearing mosques and hospitals and then they worked to maintain security within the city. The fight for Fallujah was the beginning of the end for al Qaeda in Iraq. There would be many years of hard work to come, but freeing the people of Fallujah was the first real success in Anbar Province. The Iraqis named the Operation al-Fajr, after a passage in the Qur’an. The loose, English translation is "The Dawn" or "Daybreak." The religious passage talks about wrongdoers returning to the grace of Allah. It speaks of an approaching New Dawn.

Watch for New Dawn: the Battles for Fallujah by Richard S. Lowry (author of Marines in the Garden of Eden and The Gulf War Chronicles). It tells the entire story of Operation Phantom Fury and will be in bookstores in May of 2010. Visit www.RichardSLowry.com to learn more about Richard and his work.

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