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One of my father's closest friends was a former survivor of the Death March.
According to that fellow, no move was made to prepare units for the possibility of surrender or capture, and a lot of strategy was based on the MacArthur doctrine of invincibility and reinforcement right up to final moments when it became apparent that American forces could not hold. Again, according to him, his won unit was demoralized by forces they had been led to believe were inferior, the failure of promised aid to appear, and the news that MacArthur had left the theater of operations, effectively abandoning the troops in the field.
There was also a training factor, in that many of the Army units were often support units such as artillery and so forth, comprising troops who never expected to fight "on the line", as opposed to the Marines, trained as heavy assault forces from the beginning.
However, none of this excuses the barbarism of the Japanese, who went out of their way to torment, torture and butcher their captives at every opportunity.
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We have met the enemy...and they is us. Pogo
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Who is watching the watchers?
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